Many EU Member States are suffering from high levels of persistent unemployment, further exacerbated by the economic crisis. PES have different approaches and levels of involvement in supporting long-term unemployed and other vulnerable groups and they often work in partnership with other actors to deliver services to them. Examples of support PES provide to long-term unemployed include profiling, specialised LTU counsellors, mentoring schemes, one-stop-shops and tailored re-integration pathways based on individual assessment to name but a few. In order to increase the effectiveness of their interventions, PES need to take into account the complex barriers that people face and adapt their services to the needs of each individual. PES therefore often work with partner organisations, such as municipalities (social services, family and health departments), education and training providers and voluntary organisations experienced in working with particular groups.