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In 2023, gross domestic product (GDP) per capita expressed in purchasing power standards ranged between 64% of the EU average in Bulgaria and 240% in Luxembourg.

This information comes from the flash estimates of purchasing power parities and GDP for 2023 published by Eurostat today. The article presents some of the findings from the more detailed Statistics Explained article.

Index of GDP per capita, 2023 in purchasing power standards. Chart. See link to full database below.

Source dataset: prc_ppp_ind

In 2023, substantial differences in GDP per capita expressed in purchasing power standards were recorded among EU countries. Luxembourg and Ireland had the highest levels (140% and 112% above the EU average, respectively), well ahead of the Netherlands (30% above the EU average), Denmark (+28%), and Austria (+23%).

In contrast, Bulgaria registered the lowest GDP per capita, 36% below the EU average, followed by Greece (-33%) and Latvia (-29%).

For more information

Methodological notes

  • Flash estimates for 2023 presented in this news article are based on GDP and population data for 2023, extracted on 11/03/2024 and the most recent PPPs available. Revised estimates will be published in June 2024.
  • Luxembourg: the high GDP per capita in Luxembourg is partly due to the country's large share of cross-border workers in total employment. While contributing to GDP, these workers are not taken into consideration as part of the resident population which is used to calculate GDP per capita.
  • Ireland: the high level of GDP per capita in Ireland can be partly explained by the presence of large multinational companies holding intellectual property. The associated contract manufacturing with these assets contributes to GDP, while a large part of the income earned from this production is returned to the companies’ ultimate owners abroad.

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