Archive:Printing and reproduction of recorded media statistics - NACE Rev. 2
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- Data from April 2013. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for the printing and reproduction of recorded media in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 18.
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_ind_r2)
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
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Main statistical findings
Structural profile
The printing and reproduction of recorded media (Division 18) sector was the principal activity for 127.7 thousand enterprises in the EU-27 in 2010, together they employed around 850 thousand persons, equivalent to 2.8 % of manufacturing (Section C) employment. EU-27 value added for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector was EUR 33.9 billion in 2010, equivalent to 0.6 % of the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) total and 2.1 % of the manufacturing total.
The apparent labour productivity of the EU-27’s printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in 2010 was EUR 40.0 thousand per person employed, somewhat below the non-financial business economy average of EUR 44.8 thousand per person employed and further below the manufacturing average of EUR 52.8 thousand per person employed. Average personnel costs within the EU-27’s printing and reproduction of recorded media sector were EUR 32.1 thousand per employee, only slightly higher than the non-financial business economy average (EUR 30.9 thousand per employee) but below the manufacturing average (EUR 35.8 thousand per employee).
The ratio of the gross operating surplus to turnover is a measure of operating profitability, referred to here as the gross operating rate. In 2010, the EU-27’s printing and reproduction of recorded media sector had a gross operating rate of 10.4 %, which was just above the non-financial business economy average (10.1 %) and therefore also above the manufacturing average (9.0 %).
Sectoral analysis
The printing and reproduction of recorded media sector comprises two subsectors. Within the EU-27, the printing and related services subsector (Group 18.1) dominates, as the reproduction of recorded media subsector (Group 18.2) is smaller according to all of the main economic measures. There were 120.0 thousand enterprises in the EU-27’s printing and related services subsector in 2010 employing 825.3 thousand persons, compared with 6.0 thousand enterprises in the reproduction of recorded media subsector which employed 26.0 thousand persons (2009 data). The EU-27’s printing and related services subsector generated EUR 32.5 billion of value added in 2010, a 95.9 % share of the total.
The ratios presented in Table 2b show that the printing and related services subsector had lower apparent labour productivity and average personnel costs than the smaller reproduction of recorded media subsector. The EU-27’s printing and related services subsector recorded apparent labour productivity of EUR 39.4 thousand per person employed in 2010, which was well below the manufacturing average (EUR 52.8 thousand), whereas the equivalent figure for the reproduction of recorded media subsector was EUR 57.1 thousand per person employed (2009 data). A similar situation could be observed for average personnel costs, with the difference that the value for the printing and related services subsector (EUR 31.9 thousand per employee) was not so far below the manufacturing average (EUR 35.8 thousand).
The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio results from a combination of the apparent labour productivity and average personnel costs indicators. Due to its low apparent labour productivity, the EU-27’s printing and related services subsector had a relatively low wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in 2010, at 123.2 %, which was below the manufacturing (148.0 %) and non-financial business economy (144.8 %) averages. In a similar vein, the EU-27’s reproduction of recorded media subsector recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio of 140.0 %, also below both of these benchmarks. For the gross operating rate, both of the printing and reproduction of recorded media subsectors recorded rates above the manufacturing (9.0 %) and non-financial business economy (10.1 %) averages, reaching a peak of 12.2 % for the reproduction of recorded media.
Country analysis
Among the EU Member States, Germany had the highest share of value added within the EU-27’s printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in 2010: the 23.3 % German share of the EU-27 total was lower than its corresponding share of EU-27 value added within manufacturing (28.7 %) as a whole. The next largest Member States in the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector were the United Kingdom (16.4 % of the EU-27 total), Italy (11.4 %) and France (11.2 %). The United Kingdom was the only one of these four large Member States to contribute a higher share to the EU-27 total in this sector than in manufacturing as a whole.
The relative importance of the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector was highest in Estonia where it accounted for 0.9 % of non-financial business economy value added, and in Slovenia where its share was 0.8 %, as it was in Croatia and Switzerland. The least specialised Member States for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector were Slovakia, Denmark, Lithuania and France, where this sector contributed less than 0.5 % of non-financial business economy value added in 2010; a situation that was also observed in Norway.
In 2010, Latvia, Bulgaria and Romania recorded wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in excess of 200 %, indicating that apparent labour productivity per person employed was more than double average personnel costs per employee. These three Member States, as well as Estonia, Austria and Portugal, were the only ones in 2010 (with data available) that recorded a higher wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector than they did for their respective non-financial business economies. At the other end of the scale, France recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector of just 103.4 %, indicating that average personnel costs per employee were nearly as high as apparent labour productivity per person employed.
In terms of operating profitability, Poland and Bulgaria recorded the highest gross operating rates among the EU Member States for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in 2010, while France and Sweden recorded the lowest. A majority of Member States recorded higher gross operating rates for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in 2010 than they did in the non-financial business economy as a whole, most notably Bulgaria and Poland.
Size class analysis
The EU-27’s printing and reproduction of recorded media sector was one of eight manufacturing NACE divisions where small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, employing fewer than 250 persons) employed more than three quarters of the workforce in 2010. SMEs employed 86.5 % of the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector’s workforce and generated 82.2 % of total value added. This was the highest SME share of employment and value added in 2010 for any of the manufacturing NACE divisions as well as the fifth highest employment share of SMEs among all non-financial business economy NACE divisions. Due to the lower sectoral share in value added terms, SMEs had a relatively low apparent labour productivity: EUR 37.9 thousand per person employed compared with an average for large enterprises (employing 250 or more persons) of EUR 52.5 thousand per person employed.
Small enterprises (employing 10 to 49 persons) were particularly important within the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in 2010. These enterprises employed 32.7 % of the sector’s workforce and provided the same share of value added. For both of these measures this was the highest share among all manufacturing NACE divisions, while it was the second highest employment share among any of the non-financial business economy NACE divisions and the third highest value added share. The employment and value added shares of large enterprises in the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector were both lower than the corresponding shares for each of the other three size classes shown in Figure 2. While for employment this was not so unusual (it occurred in four other manufacturing NACE divisions), the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector was the only manufacturing NACE division in which large enterprises made the smallest contribution to total value added in 2010. The value added share of micro enterprises (employing fewer than 10 persons) was particularly high, at 20.7 %, the second highest share in 2010 for this size class among all manufacturing NACE divisions.
In all EU Member States (for which data are available), SMEs contributed at least three fifths of value added within the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in 2010, ranging from 62.6 % in Slovakia to 99.8 % in Cyprus and 100 % in both Denmark and Latvia. The value added share of micro enterprises in the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector reached over 40.0 % in Cyprus and Greece (2009 data), around twice the EU-27 average, while medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons) generated more than half of sectoral value added in Latvia, Ireland and Bulgaria.
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) and size class data, all of which are published annually.
The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are:
- small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into;
- micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed;
- small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed;
- medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed;
- large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the printing and reproduction of recorded media sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 18. This division includes the printing of products, such as newspapers, books, periodicals, business forms, greeting cards, and other materials, and associated support activities. The preparatory support activities (such as composing, typesetting, phototypesetting, pre-press data input, electronic make-up, preparation of data files for multi-media applications, plate-making, cylinder preparation and plate processing) and finishing activities (including bookbinding, mounting, folding, cutting, collating, stamping, stitching, perforating, embossing) are an integral part of printing. Processes used in printing include a variety of methods for transferring an image from a plate, screen or computer file to a medium, such as paper, plastics, metal, textile articles, or wood.
This division also includes the reproduction (from master copies) of recorded media, such as compact discs, video recordings, software on discs or tapes, records and so on.
This NACE division is composed of two groups:
- printing and related services (Group 18.1);
- the reproduction of recorded media (Group 18.2).
Though printing and publishing can be carried out in combination it is less and less the case that these distinct activities are carried out at the same physical location; this division excludes publishing activities (Section J). Also excluded are silk screen-printing on textiles and wearing apparel (part of the manufacture of textiles, Division 13) and the original production of master copies, as well as the reproduction of motion picture films for theatrical distribution (part of motion picture, video and television programme production, sound recording and music publishing activities, Division 59).
See also
- Manufacturing
- Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector
- Structural business statistics introduced
Further Eurostat information
Publications
- European business - facts and figures (online publication)
- Key figures on European Business – with a special feature section on SMEs – 2011 edition
Main tables
Database
- SBS - industry and construction (sbs_ind_co)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for industry (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_na_ind_r2)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - industry and construction (sbs_sc_ind)
- Industry by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
Other information
- Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics