Archive:Other manufacturing statistics - NACE Rev. 2
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- Data from April 2013. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for the residual activity of other manufacturing in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 32.
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_ind_r2)
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
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Main statistical findings
Structural profile
Enterprises within the EU-27‘s other manufacturing sector (Division 32) employed 870 thousand persons in 2010, equivalent to 0.7 % of the total number of persons employed in the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) and 2.9 % of the manufacturing (Section C) workforce. The other manufacturing sector’s value added was EUR 39.5 billion which was 0.7 % of the non-financial business economy total and 2.5 % of the manufacturing total.
The apparent labour productivity of the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector in 2010 was EUR 45.5 thousand per person employed, close to the non-financial business economy average (EUR 44.8 thousand per person employed) and lower than the manufacturing average (EUR 52.8 thousand per person employed). In line with this middle ranged apparent labour productivity, average personnel costs within the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector were EUR 32.0 thousand per employee in 2010, which was between the EUR 30.9 thousand per employee average for the non-financial business economy and the EUR 35.8 thousand per employee average for manufacturing.
The combination of the previous two indicators resulted in a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector that was 143.0 % in 2010, just below the non-financial business economy average (144.8 %) and further below the manufacturing average (148.0 %). The gross operating rate of the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector was particularly high: as the gross operating surplus was equivalent to 15.2 % of turnover in 2010, considerably higher than the manufacturing (9.0 %) and non-financial business economy (10.1 %) averages. Indeed, this was the second highest level of profitability (using this measure) among the manufacturing NACE divisions, with only pharmaceuticals manufacturing (Division 21) recording a higher value.
Sectoral analysis
The other manufacturing sector contains six subsectors at the NACE group level. Within the EU-27 the largest of these was the manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies (Group 32.5), which accounted for more than half (55.5 %) of sectoral employment and more than three fifths (63.2 %) of sectoral value added in 2010. The next largest subsector was manufacturing not elsewhere classified (Group 32.9) which is a miscellaneous heading covering the production of a heterogeneous range of products, including, for example, pencils, umbrellas, candles and coffins; this subsector contributed 13.2 % of sectoral value added in 2010 and employed nearly one fifth (18.2 %) of the other manufacturing workforce. Ranked on their contribution to the sector’s total employment, the remaining subsectors concerned the manufacture of: jewellery, bijouterie and related articles (Group 32.1), games and toys (Group 32.4), sports goods (Group 32.3) and musical instruments (Group 32.2, 2009 data).
In terms of productivity and average personnel costs, medical and dental instruments and supplies manufacturing stood out from the other subsectors; note that some of these indicators are not available for games and toys manufacturing. The EU-27’s medical and dental instruments and supplies manufacturing subsector, which was the largest within the other manufacturing sector, was also the only subsector to record apparent labour productivity, average personnel costs and wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios that were above non-financial business economy averages in 2010, but in all cases below manufacturing averages. The remaining subsectors within the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector each recorded values for these three indicators that were below non-financial business economy averages, with the exception of the relatively high wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio (2009 data) for the manufacture of games and toys. The lowest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio was recorded for the smallest of the six subsectors, 110.0 % for EU-27 musical instruments manufacturing; this was the second lowest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio among all of the manufacturing NACE groups in 2010, higher only than that recorded for the manufacture of articles of fur (Group 14.2).
All of the subsectors within the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector recorded gross operating rates above the manufacturing (9.0 %) and the non-financial business economy (10.1 %) averages in 2010 (2009 data for games and toys manufacturing), with the exception of sports goods manufacturing where the 9.6 % rate lay between these two averages.
Country analysis
The German share of EU-27 value added in the other manufacturing sector was 31.4 % in 2010, a share that rose to 40.9 % for the relatively small activity of musical instruments manufacturing. Germany’s share of EU-27 value added was more than double the shares of the next largest Member States, namely Italy (12.7 %), France (11.9 %) and the United Kingdom (10.8 %). Ireland’s share of EU-27 value added in this sector was 8.2 % in 2010, the second highest Irish share among all of the non-financial business economy NACE divisions. Germany had the highest value added of any Member State for four of the other manufacturing subsectors, with Italy recording the highest level of output for both the manufacture of sports goods and the manufacture of jewellery, bijouterie and related articles.
The relative importance of the other manufacturing sector was highest in Ireland where this sector contributed 4.0 % of non-financial business economy value added in 2010. Irish specialisation was far greater than in any other EU Member State: Denmark was the next most specialised Member State, as the other manufacturing sector contributed 1.3 % of the Danish non-financial business economy value added. The least specialised Member States were Romania, Cyprus and Luxembourg as the other manufacturing sector contributed 0.2 % or less to their non-financial business economy value added in 2010, as was also the case in Norway.
In value added terms, the most specialised Member States for jewellery, bijouterie and related articles manufacturing were Austria and Italy. Austria, the Czech Republic and Germany were the most specialised countries for musical instruments manufacturing. Austria was also specialised in sports goods manufacturing (including winter sports equipment), behind Slovenia. The Czech Republic and Austria were the most specialised Member States for games and toys manufacturing, although it should be noted that no recent data are available for several countries including Denmark and Malta (both of which are known to be traditionally specialised in games and toys manufacturing). Ireland was, by far, the most specialised Member State for medical and dental instruments and supplies manufacturing, which was largely responsible for Ireland’s position as the most specialised Member State in the other manufacturing sector as a whole. The Czech Republic and the three Baltic Member States were the most specialised Member States for the miscellaneous subsector of manufacturing not elsewhere classified.
These various specialisations are reflected, to some extent, in the derived indicators shown in Table 4b. In particular, Ireland’s specialisation in the medical and dental instruments and supplies manufacturing subsector resulted in Ireland recording the highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio (279.4 %) for the other manufacturing sector. Luxembourg reported a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio below 100 %, indicating that average personnel costs outweighed apparent labour productivity in this sector. The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for the other EU Member States ranged from 115.2 % in Cyprus to 188.7 % in Bulgaria, with Denmark (243.6 %) joining Ireland above this range. Most of the Member States recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in this sector that was below their national non-financial business economy average, the exceptions being Denmark, Ireland, Austria, Belgium, Slovenia and Sweden. By contrast, the gross operating rates for the other manufacturing sector were generally high, as Luxembourg and Cyprus were the only Member States (with data available) to record lower rates for the other manufacturing sector than for their non-financial business economy as a whole. Denmark and Ireland both recorded gross operating rates in the other manufacturing sector above 25 % in 2010.
Size class analysis
The EU-27’s other manufacturing sector was one of eight manufacturing NACE divisions where small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, employing fewer than 250 persons) employed more than three quarters of the workforce in 2010. SMEs employed 75.9 % of the other manufacturing sector’s workforce but provided only 59.0 % of total value added. Due to the considerably lower sectoral share in value added terms, SMEs had a relatively low level of apparent labour productivity: EUR 35.3 thousand per person employed compared with an average for large enterprises (employing 250 or more persons) of EUR 80.5 thousand per person employed.
In employment terms, micro enterprises were particularly important in the EU-27’s other manufacturing sector, employing 30.5 % of the total workforce. This was the second highest employment share for micro enterprises in 2010 among all of the manufacturing NACE divisions, smaller only than that recorded for wood and wood products manufacturing (Division 16).
There were five EU Member States (as well as Croatia) where the other manufacturing sector was composed solely of SMEs and in two of these — Cyprus and Luxembourg — there were only micro enterprises (employing fewer than 10 persons) and small enterprises (employing 10 to 49 persons). Medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons) were particularly important in the other manufacturing sector in Estonia where they contributed 67.0 % of total value added in 2010, more than three times the average within the EU-27. At the other extreme, Ireland was the only Member State to report that SMEs in the other manufacturing sector contributed less than half of total value added in 2010: the SME share in Ireland was as low as 14.7 %. Austria and the Czech Republic both reported relatively substantial contributions from large enterprises, both close to 50.0% of total value added, while there were a further eight Member States where more value added was generated by large enterprises than by any of the three other size classes shown in Table 6b.
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) and size class data, all of which are published annually.
The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are:
- small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into;
- micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed;
- small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed;
- medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed;
- large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the other manufacturing sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 32. This division includes the manufacture of a variety of goods not covered in other parts of manufacturing. As this is a residual division, production processes, input materials and the use of the produced goods can vary widely.
The manufacture of jewellery includes the striking of coins, the production of worked pearls, precious and semi-precious stones (including industrial quality and synthetic stones), diamonds, jewellery (including imitation), goldsmiths’ articles, technical or laboratory articles of precious metal (except instruments) and the engraving of personal products.
The manufacture of musical instruments includes stringed, wind, percussion, keyboard and electronic instruments, as well as musical boxes, whistles and other mouth-blown sound signalling instruments.
The manufacture of sports goods includes the manufacture of sporting and athletic goods except apparel and footwear.
The manufacture of games and toys includes the manufacture of dolls, toy animals, toys, and games (including electronic), hobby kits, children’s vehicles (except metal bicycles and tricycles), so-called scale models, train and construction sets, puzzles and so on.
The manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies includes laboratory apparatus, surgical and medical instruments, surgical appliances and supplies, dental equipment and supplies, orthodontic goods, dentures, and orthodontic appliances.
Manufacturing not elsewhere classified includes the manufacture of brooms and brushes, protective safety equipment, pens and pencils, hand-operated devices for printing, globes, umbrellas, walking sticks, buttons and other fasteners, cigarette lighters, candles, artificial flowers, tailors’ dummies, burial coffins and so on, as well as articles of personal use (such as smoking pipes or combs).
This NACE division is composed of six groups:
- the manufacture of jewellery, bijouterie and related articles (Group 32.1);
- the manufacture of musical instruments (Group 32.2);
- the manufacture of sports goods (Group 32.3);
- the manufacture of games and toys (Group 32.4);
- the manufacture of medical and dental instruments and supplies (Group 32.5);
- manufacturing n.e.c. (Group 32.9).
The activities covered by this article exclude the manufacture of saddlery, harnesses, whips, riding crops (which form part of the manufacture of leather and related products, Division 15), sporting weapons and ammunition and metal weights used for weightlifting (which are included within the manufacture of fabricated metal products, Division 25,), video game consoles, record players and the like (included within the manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, Division 26), as well as sports vehicles other than toboggans and the like (which are classified as part of the manufacture of motor vehicles, trailers and semi-trailers and the manufacture of other transport equipment, Divisions 29 and 30).
See also
- Manufacturing
- Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector
- Structural business statistics introduced
Further Eurostat information
Publications
- European business - facts and figures (online publication)
- Key figures on European Business – with a special feature section on SMEs – 2011 edition
Main tables
Database
- SBS - industry and construction (sbs_ind_co)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for industry (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_na_ind_r2)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - industry and construction (sbs_sc_ind)
- Industry by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
Other information
- Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics