Archive:Manufacture of textiles statistics - NACE Rev. 2
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- Data from April 2013. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for textiles manufacturing in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 13.
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_ind_r2)
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
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Main statistical findings
Structural profile
The textiles manufacturing (Division 13) sector comprised 62.0 thousand enterprises in the EU-27 in 2010. These enterprises employed 662.5 thousand persons, equivalent to 0.5 % of all persons employed in the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) and 2.2 % of those persons employed in manufacturing (Section C). The value added generated by the textiles manufacturing sector in 2010 was EUR 22.0 billion, a 0.4 % share of the non-financial business economy total and a 1.4 % share of the manufacturing total.
In general the textiles manufacturing sector can be characterised by a relatively low apparent labour productivity, in part due to a traditionally high incidence of part-time employment: apparent labour productivity is calculated as the level of value added divided by a simple head count of the number of persons employed, regardless of their working hours. The EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector recorded an apparent labour productivity of EUR 33.2 thousand per person employed in 2010, well below the non-financial business economy average of EUR 44.8 thousand per person employed and even further below the manufacturing average of EUR 52.8 thousand per person employed. As such, this sector recorded the fifth lowest apparent labour productivity among the 24 manufacturing NACE divisions in 2010. Average personnel costs within the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector were EUR 22.6 thousand per employee, and so were also below the manufacturing (EUR 35.8 thousand per employee) and non-financial business economy (EUR 30.9 thousand per employee) averages.
The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio combines the two previous indicators. Despite relatively low average personnel costs, the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio of just 130.0 % in 2010, below the non-financial business economy (144.8 %) and manufacturing (148.0 %) averages. The gross operating rate (the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover) stood at 8.5 % for the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector in 2010, marginally below the manufacturing average (9.0 %) and therefore further below the non-financial business economy average (10.1 %).
Sectoral analysis
The vast majority (71.0 %) of enterprises within the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector were active in the miscellaneous subsector concerning the manufacture of other textiles (Group 13.9). This subsector was also the largest in employment and value added terms, as its 390 thousand strong workforce accounted for 58.9 % of the sectoral workforce and its EUR 13.0 billion of value added was equivalent to 59.1 % of sectoral value added. Figure 1 shows that the weaving of textiles (Group 13.2) was the next largest subsector, with just over 17 % of sectoral employment and just over 18 % of sectoral value added. Textiles finishing (Group 13.3) and the preparation and spinning of textile fibres (Group 13.1) complete the sectoral coverage.
The low apparent labour productivity figure for the whole of the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector in 2010 was reflected in all subsectors. The lowest level of this ratio was EUR 31.5 thousand per person employed for the preparation and spinning of textile fibres, while the highest level was EUR 35.3 thousand per person employed for textiles weaving; this was, nevertheless, one third lower than the manufacturing average (52.8 thousand per person employed).
Average personnel costs within the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector ranged from EUR 23.0 thousand per employee for the preparation and spinning of textile fibres subsector to EUR 28.0 thousand per employee for the weaving of textiles subsector. As such, all of the textiles subsectors recorded average personnel costs below the non-financial business economy average (EUR 30.9 thousand per employee).
Unlike apparent labour productivity and average personnel costs, the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio is less influenced by the incidence of part-time employment. Nevertheless, this ratio was relatively low for all of the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing subsectors in 2010. The preparation and spinning of textile fibres subsector recorded a wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio of 137.0 %, which was clearly the highest among the four subsectors, while remaining some way below the non-financial business economy average (144.8 %) and the manufacturing average (148.0 %). The three remaining subsectors recorded wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios ranging from 122.1 % for textiles finishing to 130.0 % for manufacture of other textiles.
For the gross operating rate, the finishing of textiles was the only subsector where this measure of operating profitability exceeded the EU-27 manufacturing average of 9.0 %, although the 9.4 % rate that was recorded for this subsector in 2010 remained below the non-financial business economy average (10.1 %). The largest subsector, the manufacture of other textiles, recorded a gross operating rate in line with the manufacturing average, while the two remaining subsectors recorded lower values: 7.2 % for the preparation and spinning of textile fibres and 6.6 % for textiles weaving.
Country analysis
Italy was the largest EU Member State (in value added terms) for the textiles manufacturing sector in 2010, as well as in three of the four subsectors: Germany had the highest value added in the largest subsector, namely the manufacture of other textiles. Italy’s share of EU-27 value added averaged 27.0 % for the sector as a whole, and reached as high as 46.0 % for the preparation and spinning of textile fibres. Among all of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy, this sector was where Italy recorded its third highest share of EU-27 value added, as was also the case for Portugal (3.6 %) and Slovenia (0.6 %). Germany was the second largest Member State in textiles manufacturing with a 16.4 % share of EU-27 value added in 2010, followed by France and the United Kingdom with shares around 10 %. In employment terms, Italy’s dominance was slightly less, as 22.7 % of the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing workforce was employed in Italy.
The relative importance of the textiles manufacturing sector in value added terms was greatest in Portugal where this sector contributed 1.0 % of non-financial business economy value added in 2010. The next most specialised EU Member States were Italy, where 0.9 % of non-financial business economy value added was in textiles manufacturing, followed by Lithuania and Estonia (both 0.8 %). The least specialised countries, in value added terms, were Ireland and Cyprus, as the textiles manufacturing sector contributed just 0.1 % of their non-financial business economy value added in 2010; Norway was equally unspecialised in this activity. The Member States most specialised in the preparation and spinning of textile fibres were Bulgaria, Lithuania and Italy. For textiles weaving and textiles finishing the two most specialised Member States were Italy and Portugal. For the manufacture of other textiles the most specialised Member States were Estonia, Slovenia, Portugal, Lithuania and Belgium.
Among the EU Member States, Romania, Bulgaria, Latvia, Poland and Slovakia recorded the highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios within the textiles manufacturing sector in 2010, all in excess of 160.0 %. At the other end of the range, France, Cyprus, Greece (2009 data) and Finland recorded the lowest ratios, below 120.0 % — see Table 4b.
Size class analysis
The EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector was one of eight manufacturing NACE divisions where small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs, employing fewer than 250 persons) employed more than three quarters of the workforce in 2010. SMEs employed 78.6 % of the textile manufacturing sector’s workforce and generated 75.0 % of its value added. This was the sixth highest SME share of employment and the fourth highest share of value added for any of the manufacturing NACE divisions. Due to the lower sectoral share in value added terms, SMEs had relatively low apparent labour productivity within the textiles manufacturing sector: EUR 31.7 thousand per person employed compared with an average for large enterprises (employing 250 or more persons) of EUR 38.8 thousand per person employed.
The contribution of medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons) to total value added within the EU-27’s textiles manufacturing sector was 37.6 % in 2010, which was the highest such share among all manufacturing NACE divisions. The value added shares of small (employing 10 to 49 persons) and medium-sized enterprises within textiles manufacturing were both higher than the share of large enterprises in this sector: such a situation occurred in only five other manufacturing NACE divisions in 2010.
The value added share of SMEs within the textiles manufacturing sector exceeded four fifths of the total in six of the EU Member States in 2010 — France, Lithuania, Greece (2009 data), Spain, Cyprus and Ireland — with the share of SMEs reaching 100 % in the latter two countries. Bulgaria was the only Member State (among those for which data are available) where SMEs failed to provide at least half of the value added generated in the textiles manufacturing sector. As noted above, medium-sized enterprises played a particularly strong role in this sector and their share of sectoral value added peaked at 73.9 % in Lithuania, while it also exceeded 50.0 % in Ireland and Slovenia.
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) and size class data, all of which are published annually.
The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are:
- small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into;
- micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed;
- small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed;
- medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed;
- large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the textiles manufacturing sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 13. This division includes the preparation and spinning of textile fibres as well as textile weaving, finishing of textiles, finishing (but not manufacturing of) wearing apparel, the manufacture of made-up textile articles, except apparel (for example, household linen, blankets, rugs, cordage and so on); the manufacture of wearing apparel is classified to Division 14. Textiles may be produced from varying raw materials — for example, silk, wool, other animal, vegetable or man-made fibres, paper or glass.
The preparation and spinning of textile fibres includes the reeling and washing of silk, degreasing and carbonising of wool and dyeing of wool fleece, carding and combing of all kinds of fibres, spinning and manufacture of yarn or thread, twisting, folding, cabling and dipping of filament yarns.
Finishing of textiles includes bleaching, dyeing, dressing, pleating, waterproofing, coating, rubberising, impregnating or silk screen-printing.
The manufacture of other textiles concerns knitted or crocheted fabrics, carpets and rugs, rope, narrow woven fabrics and trimmings and made-up textile articles such as blankets, travelling rugs, bed, table, toilet or kitchen linen, quilts, eiderdowns, cushions, pillows, sleeping bags, made-up furnishing articles (for example, curtains, blinds or bedspreads), tents, sails, sun blinds, dust cloths, dishcloths, life jackets and parachutes.
This NACE division is composed of four groups:
- the preparation and spinning of textile fibres (Group 13.1);
- the weaving of textiles (Group 13.2), which covers the manufacture of broad woven fabrics;
- the finishing of textiles (Group 13.3);
- the manufacture of other textiles (Group 13.4).
Excluded are preparatory operations carried out in combination with agriculture (Division 01) and the manufacture of synthetic fibres (which forms part of chemicals manufacturing, Division 20).
See also
- Manufacturing
- Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector
- Structural business statistics introduced
Further Eurostat information
Publications
- European business - facts and figures (online publication)
- Key figures on European Business – with a special feature section on SMEs – 2011 edition
Main tables
Database
- SBS - industry and construction (sbs_ind_co)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for industry (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_na_ind_r2)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - industry and construction (sbs_sc_ind)
- Industry by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
Other information
- Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics