Archive:Manufacture of beverages statistics - NACE Rev. 2
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- Data from April 2013. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for beverages manufacturing in the European Union (EU), as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 11.
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_ind_r2)
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
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Main statistical findings
Structural profile
There were 23.1 thousand enterprises operating with beverages manufacturing (Division 11) as their main activity in the EU-27 in 2010. Together they employed 430.2 thousand persons, equivalent to 0.3 % of the total number of persons employed in the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) and 1.4 % of the manufacturing (Section C) workforce. They generated EUR 33.9 billion of value added which was 0.6 % of the non-financial business economy total and 2.3 % of the manufacturing total.
The apparent labour productivity of the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing sector in 2010 was EUR 86.0 thousand per person employed, close to double the non-financial business economy average of EUR 44.8 thousand per person employed and also well above the manufacturing average of EUR 52.8 thousand per person employed. Average personnel costs within the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing sector were also relatively high, at EUR 40.0 thousand per employee in 2010, compared with EUR 30.9 thousand per employee for the non-financial business economy and an average of EUR 35.8 thousand per employee for the whole of manufacturing.
Sectoral analysis
Four of the seven subsectors (at the NACE class level) within the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing sector were dominant, namely those concerning the production of spirits (Class 11.01), wine (Class 11.02), beer (Class 11.05) and soft drinks, mineral waters and other bottled waters (Class 11.07). These four subsectors accounted for 97.1 % of this sector’s employment, 95.9 % of its turnover and 97.2 % of its value added in 2010. An analysis of the value added and employment shares is provided in Figure 1.
The two largest subsectors within the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing sector in 2010 were the manufacture of beer and the manufacture of soft drinks, the first of which had the largest share of sectoral value added, while the latter had the largest share of the sector’s workforce. Spirits manufacturing had the third highest level of value added, while wine manufacturing had the third largest workforce. The variation in the rankings based on value added and employment underlines differences in apparent labour productivity which can be seen in Table 2b.
The high apparent labour productivity figure for the whole of the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing sector in 2010 reflected relatively high ratios across all subsectors. The production of wine recorded an apparent labour productivity ratio of EUR 56.1 thousand per person employed, which was the lowest of the seven subsectors, but even this was above the manufacturing average (EUR 52.8 thousand per person employed). The manufacture of spirits recorded the highest apparent labour productivity ratio among the subsectors, reaching EUR 126.6 thousand per person employed. By contrast, average personnel costs for the various subsectors ranged from EUR 29.6 thousand per employee for the manufacture of wine — which was the only subsector below the non-financial business economy average (EUR 30.9 thousand per employee) — to EUR 44.7 thousand per employee for beer manufacturing.
In all beverages manufacturing NACE classes, except for the manufacture of other non-distilled fermented beverages (140.0 %, Class 11.04), EU-27 wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios exceeded the non-financial business economy (144.8 %) and manufacturing (148.0 %) averages. The highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio within beverages manufacturing was recorded for spirits manufacturing (310.8 %).
Malt manufacturing, which recorded the second highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio, recorded the lowest gross operating rate (the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover) among the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing subsectors in 2010: at 10.3 % this was, nevertheless, above the manufacturing (9.0 %) and non-financial business economy (10.1 %) averages. By far the highest gross operating rate was recorded for the production of spirits, where 21.3 % of turnover remained as gross operating surplus, three times the manufacturing average.
Country analysis
Among the EU Member States, the highest level of value added for beverages manufacturing in 2010 was recorded in the United Kingdom (EUR 6.8 billion), followed by France (EUR 5.3 billion). An analysis of the beverages manufacturing workforce shows a different ranking of the largest Member States. In Germany, 73.3 thousand persons were employed in this sector, far ahead of France (49.5 thousand) and Spain (48.7 thousand), which in turn had notably larger workforces than in Italy (35.8 thousand). Employment data for the United Kingdom for 2010 are not available, but the beverages manufacturing sector employed 45.7 thousand persons in 2008.
Looking at the relative importance of beverages manufacturing value added in the non-financial business economy as a whole, Romania was the most specialised EU Member State in 2010, with 1.6 % of its non-financial business economy value added generated in this sector. Bulgaria (1.3 %), Lithuania, Cyprus and Poland (all 1.0 %) also generated at least 1.0 % of non-financial business economy value added in this sector, as did Croatia (1.3 %). By contrast, Sweden and Luxembourg were the least specialised, generating 0.3 % of their non-financial business economy value added in the beverages manufacturing sector, as did Switzerland.
As can be seen from Table 3, the largest EU Member State in the beer and soft drinks (including bottled waters) manufacturing subsectors was Germany, while France had the highest share of EU-27 value added for wine production and also the production of other non-distilled fermented beverages. The United Kingdom had the highest level of output for spirits production, cider and other fruit wine production, and malt production.
Gross operating rates and the wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios for beverages manufacturing varied greatly between EU Member States in 2010, more so than in the non-financial business economy as a whole. Particularly high wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios were recorded in Poland (372.5 %) and Romania (359.3 %), while the Netherlands and the Czech Republic also recorded ratios in excess of 250 %; for Poland and Romania the beverages manufacturing sector recorded the third highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio for any of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy in 2010. The lowest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratios were recorded in Germany and Cyprus, both below 150 %. The gross operating rate indicates that operating profitability in beverages manufacturing was highest in Romania, where the gross operating surplus was equivalent to 23.1 % of turnover. This was followed by the United Kingdom (21.6 %), the Czech Republic (19.9 %) and Luxembourg (19.3 %). Germany and Latvia recorded gross operating rates below 10.0 %, as did Latvia and Italy.
Size class analysis
The enterprise size structure of the EU-27’s beverages manufacturing sector depends greatly on the economic measure used to analyse it. Large enterprises (employing 250 or more persons) employed 47.1 % of the workforce but generated 66.0 % of the sector’s value added. For comparison, the non-financial business economy average for large enterprise in 2010 was a one third (32.5 %) share of employment and a two fifths (42.3 %) share of value added. The difference in the shares of these two measures reflects the high apparent labour productivity of large enterprises in the beverages manufacturing sector (EUR 120.5 thousand per person employed), which was 4.3 times as high as the ratio recorded for micro enterprises (employing fewer than 10 persons).
Measured in value added terms, large enterprises contributed at least half of the total value added generated in the beverages manufacturing sector in 2010 in each of the EU Member States for which data are available, except for Italy, Portugal and Luxembourg. The highest contribution from large enterprises was in the United Kingdom, with 87.2 % of this sector’s value added, while there were a further five Member States where the share of large enterprises was above 80.0 %. Medium-sized enterprises (employing 50 to 249 persons) contributed more than one third of sectoral value added in Cyprus and Germany, while small enterprises contributed more than one fifth in Italy, Portugal and Spain.
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) and size class data, all of which are published annually.
The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are:
- small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into;
- micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed;
- small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed;
- medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed;
- large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the beverages manufacturing sector in the EU, as covered by NACE Rev. 2 Division 11. This division includes the manufacture of non-alcoholic beverages and mineral water and alcoholic beverages mainly through fermentation or distillation.
This NACE division is composed of seven classes organised into one group:
- the distilling, rectifying and blending of spirits (Class 11.01);
- the production of wine from grape (Class 11.02);
- the production of cider and other fruit wines (Class 11.03);
- the production of other non-distilled fermented beverages (Class 11.04) such as vermouth;
- the production of beer (Class 11.05), including low alcohol or non-alcoholic beer;
- the manufacture of malt (Class 11.06);
- the manufacture of soft drinks, mineral waters and other bottled waters (Class 11.07).
This division excludes:
- the production of fruit and vegetable juices, milk-based drinks, coffee, tea and mate products (which forms part of food manufacturing, Division 10);
- the production of synthetic ethyl alcohol and ethyl alcohol from fermented materials (which is part of chemical manufacturing, Division 20).
Note that merely bottling and labelling is classified to either wholesaling (Division 46) or office administrative, office support and other business support activities (Division 82) if performed on a fee or contract basis.
See also
- Manufacturing
- Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector
- Structural business statistics introduced
Further Eurostat information
Publications
- European business - facts and figures (online publication)
- Key figures on European Business – with a special feature section on SMEs – 2011 edition
Main tables
Database
- SBS - industry and construction (sbs_ind_co)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for industry (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_na_ind_r2)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics by size class - industry and construction (sbs_sc_ind)
- Industry by employment size class (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
Other information
- Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics