Archive:Extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas statistics - NACE Rev. 2
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- Data from April 2013. Most recent data: Further Eurostat information, Main tables and Database.
This article presents an overview of statistics for the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas in the European Union (EU), covering NACE Rev. 2 Division 06.
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_na_ind_r2)
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(% share of sectoral total) - Source: Eurostat (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
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Main statistical findings
Structural profile
There were approximately 310 enterprises operating with the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas (Division 06) as their main activity in the EU-27 in 2010. Together they employed 73.2 thousand persons, equivalent to 0.1 % of all persons employed in the non-financial business economy (Sections B to J and L to N and Division 95) and 11.9 % of those working in mining and quarrying (Section B). These enterprises generated EUR 50.0 billion of value added which was 0.8 % of the non-financial business economy total, or 59.4 % of the mining and quarrying total.
The apparent labour productivity of the EU-27’s extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector in 2010 was EUR 683 thousand per person employed, more than 15 times as high as the non-financial business economy average of EUR 44.8 thousand per person employed and five times the mining and quarrying average (EUR 137.0 thousand per person employed). Average personnel costs within the EU-27’s extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector were also high, but not to the same degree, averaging EUR 70.7 thousand per employee compared with an average of EUR 30.9 thousand per employee for the whole of the non-financial business economy. The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio combines the two previous indicators and shows the extent to which value added per person employed covers average personnel costs per employee. Due to the extremely high labour productivity and somewhat less elevated average personnel costs the EU-27’s extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector had a very high wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio in 2010, reaching 965.7 %; this was the highest such ratio among all NACE groups in the non-financial business economy, and some 6.7 times as high as the non-financial business economy average (144.8 %).
The gross operating rate (the relation between the gross operating surplus and turnover) stood at 31.4 % for the EU-27’s extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector in 2010, a little more than three times as high as the non-financial business economy average (10.1 %) — and the fifth highest level of profitability (using this measure) among the 73 NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy for which data are available. It should be noted that this measure does not take account of depreciation nor financial expenditure, which are typically higher in capital-intensive activities.
Sectoral analysis
The extraction of crude petroleum (Group 06.1) accounted for two thirds of value added and employment in the EU-27’s extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector, with the extraction of natural gas (Group 06.2) responsible for the remaining one third. The relative importance of the two subsectors was quite different in terms of turnover, as the extraction of natural gas accounted for three fifths (60.3 %) of sectoral turnover in 2010.
In terms of apparent labour productivity, both subsectors contributed to the high sectoral average: for the extraction of crude petroleum each person employed in the EU-27 generated an average of EUR 726.7 thousand of added value, whereas the apparent labour productivity for the extraction of natural gas was EUR 602.6 thousand per person employed. There was a larger and opposite spread in relation to average personnel costs, which were as high as EUR 85.3 thousand per employee for natural gas extraction, compared with EUR 62.7 thousand per employee for crude petroleum extraction; both of these values were, nevertheless, well above the averages recorded for the non-financial business economy and for mining and quarrying. The wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio reached 1 159.6 % for crude petroleum in 2010 which was more than three times the average for mining and quarrying, while the ratio for natural gas extraction was 706.4 %, around twice as high as the mining and quarrying average.
For the gross operating rate, there was a much more substantial difference between the two subsectors, ranging from 15.6 % for natural gas extraction to 55.4 % for crude oil extraction; the latter was the highest rate for the EU-27 among the 194 NACE groups within the non-financial business economy with data available. This relatively large difference in operating profit rates was the result of the compounding effect of higher average personnel costs for natural gas extraction bringing down the gross operating surplus combined with relatively high turnover in this subsector. Nevertheless, the gross operating rate of the natural gas extraction subsector was well above the EU-27 non-financial business economy average (10.1 %), although it was below the mining and quarrying average (28.3 %).
Country analysis
As for several other mining and quarrying activities, a small number of EU Member States accounted for a very large share of EU-27 value added and employment in the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector. This situation results largely from the uneven geographical distribution of gas and petroleum deposits.
The United Kingdom recorded the highest share (52.3 %) of EU-27 value added within the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector in 2010. The Netherlands (17.2 %) and Denmark (11.7 %) were the next largest producers, while the fourth largest contribution was made by Italy (8.7 %). Among all of the NACE divisions within the non-financial business economy, this sector was the one where Denmark and the Netherlands were most specialised in terms of the sector’s contribution to non-financial business economy value added compared with the equivalent contribution for the EU-27 as a whole; on the same basis this was also the second most specialised sector for the United Kingdom.
Romania had the largest workforce in the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector, with 30.5 thousand persons employed, around double the next largest workforce which was in the United Kingdom. Among the non-member countries shown in Tables 4a and 4b Norway had a large crude petroleum and natural gas extraction sector, with 23.2 thousand persons employed in 2010, equivalent to 31.7 % of the EU-27 total.
The wage-adjusted labour productivity in this sector was particularly high in Denmark, where it reached 8 493.1 %, by far the highest of all NACE divisions within the Danish non-financial business economy in 2010. This sector also recorded the highest wage-adjusted labour productivity ratio within the British, Dutch, Hungarian, Lithuanian and French non-financial business economies in 2010.
Size class analysis
There were 31 large enterprises within the EU-27‘s extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector in 2010. Together they employed 68 thousand persons — equivalent to 93.2 % of the total workforce. In terms of their contribution to sectoral value added, the share of large enterprises was considerably smaller, at 62.2 %. The very large difference in shares based on these two size measures reflects the relatively high apparent labour productivity of SMEs within the crude petroleum and natural gas sector.
Data sources and availability
The analysis presented in this article is based on the main dataset for structural business statistics (SBS) and size class data, all of which are published annually.
The main series provides information for each EU Member State as well as a number of non-member countries at a detailed level according to the activity classification NACE. Data are available for a wide range of variables.
In structural business statistics, size classes are generally defined by the number of persons employed. A limited set of the standard structural business statistics variables (for example, the number of enterprises, turnover, persons employed and value added) are analysed by size class, mostly down to the three-digit (group) level of NACE. The main size classes used in this article for presenting the results are:
- small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs): with 1 to 249 persons employed, further divided into;
- micro enterprises: with less than 10 persons employed;
- small enterprises: with 10 to 49 persons employed;
- medium-sized enterprises: with 50 to 249 persons employed;
- large enterprises: with 250 or more persons employed.
Context
This article presents an overview of statistics for the extraction of crude petroleum and natural gas sector in the EU, covering NACE Rev. 2 Division 06. This division includes the production of crude petroleum, the mining and extraction of oil from oil shale and oil sands, and the production of natural gas and recovery of hydrocarbon liquids. Included are the operation and/or development of oil and gas field properties. Such activities may include drilling, completing and equipping wells as well as other activities in the preparation of oil and gas up to the point of shipment from the producing property.
This NACE division is composed of two groups:
- the extraction of crude petroleum (Group 06.1);
- the extraction of natural gas (Group 06.2).
Excluded are: oil and gas field services, performed on a fee or contract basis, oil and gas well exploration, test drilling and boring (all classified to Division 09, mining support services), refining of petroleum products (Division 19, the manufacture of coke and refined petroleum products), the manufacture of industrial gases (Division 20, chemical manufacturing), the operation of pipelines (Division 49, land transport and pipelines) and geophysical, geologic and seismic surveying (Division 71, architectural and engineering activities).
See also
- Mining and quarrying
- Other analyses of the business economy by NACE Rev. 2 sector
- Structural business statistics introduced
Further Eurostat information
Publications
- European business - facts and figures (online publication)
- Key figures on European Business – with a special feature section on SMEs – 2011 edition
Main tables
- [hthttp://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/structural-business-statistics/data/main-tables Structural business statistics (t_sbs)]
Database
- SBS - industry and construction (sbs_ind_co)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics for industry (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_na_ind_r2)
- SMEs - Annual enterprise statistics size class - industry and construction (sbs_sc_ind)
- Industry broken down by employment size classes (NACE Rev. 2 B-E) (sbs_sc_ind_r2)
- Annual detailed enterprise statistics - industry and construction (sbs_na_ind)
- SBS - regional data - all activities (sbs_r)
- SBS data by NUTS 2 regions and NACE Rev. 2 (from 2008 onwards) (sbs_r_nuts06_r2)
Dedicated section
Source data for tables and figures (MS Excel)
Other information
- Decision 1578/2007/EC of 11 December 2007 on the Community Statistical Programme 2008 to 2012
- Regulation 295/2008 of 11 March 2008 concerning structural business statistics