Archive:SDG 17 - Partnerships for the goals (statistical annex)

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Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development (statistical annex)

Data extracted in May 2021.

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EU trend of SDG 17 on partnerships for the goals

This article provides an overview of statistical data on SDG 17 ‘Partnership for the goals’ in the European Union (EU). It is based on the set of EU SDG indicators for monitoring of progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in an EU context.

This article is part of a set of statistical articles, which are based on the Eurostat publication ’Sustainable development in the European Union — Monitoring report on progress towards the SDGS in an EU context — 2021 edition’. This report is the fifth edition of Eurostat’s series of monitoring reports on sustainable development, which provide a quantitative assessment of progress of the EU towards the SDGs in an EU context.

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Table 1: Indicators measuring progress towards SDG 17, EU
Table 2: Explanation of symbols for indicating progress towards SD objectives and targets

Official development assistance

Official development assistance (ODA) is provided by governments and their executive agencies to support economic development and welfare in developing countries. ODA must be concessional in character, having a grant element that varies in proportion depending on the recipient. Eligible countries are included in the Organisation for Economic Development and Cooperation’s (OECD) Development Assistance Committee (DAC) official list of ODA recipients. ODA disbursements and their purpose are reported by donors to the OECD. Data stem from the OECD DAC. A new methodology to calculate the ODA value of concessional loans is applied from 2018 data onwards and affects the comparability of data with previous years ^[1].

Figure 1: Official development assistance as share of gross national income, EU, 2005–2020 (% of GNI)
Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for total ODA: 1.3 % per year (observed) and 2.2 % per year (required to meet target) in the period 2005–2020; 3.5 % per year (observed) and 3.5 % per year (required to meet target) in the period 2015–2020.
Source: OECD, Eurostat (sdg_17_10)

Figure 2: Official development assistance as share of gross national income, by country, 2015 and 2020 (% of GNI)
Source: OECD, Eurostat (sdg_17_10)

Figure 3: Official development assistance, by recipient income group, EU, 2005-2019 (EUR billion, current prices)
Source: OECD, Eurostat (sdg_17_10)

EU financing to developing countries

EU financing to developing countries takes a number of forms. These, as documented by the OECD, include: Official development assistance (ODA) (public grants or concessional loans with the aim of supporting economic development and welfare); other official flows (OOFs) (public flows that are not focused on development or with a grant element of less than 25 %); private flows (direct investment, bonds, export credits and multilateral flows); grants by non-governmental organisations (from funds raised for development assistance and disaster relief); and officially supported export credits. Data stem from the OECD (DAC).

Figure 4: EU financing to developing countries, by financing source, EU, 2000–2019 (billion EUR, current prices)
Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for total financing: 5.6 % per year in the period 2004–2019; – 2.4 % per year in the period 2014–2019.
Source: OECD, Eurostat (sdg_17_20)

EU imports from developing countries

This indicator is defined as the value (at current prices) of EU imports from the countries on the DAC list of ODA beneficiaries. It indicates to what extent products from these developing countries access the EU market. Information for this indicator is provided by enterprises with a trade volume above a set threshold and is collected on the basis of customs declarations. This information is then adjusted by Member States to account for the impact of trade under this threshold.

Figure 5: EU Imports from developing countries, by country income group, EU, 2000-2020 (EUR billion, current prices)
Compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for total imports: 4.6 % per year in the period 2005–2020; 2.3 % per year in the period 2015–2020.
Source: Eurostat (sdg_17_30)

Figure 6: Extra-EU imports, by trading partner, EU, 2015 and 2020
Source: Eurostat (sdg_17_30) and (ext_lt_maineu)

General government gross debt

The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union defines this indicator as the ratio of government debt at the end of the year to gross domestic product at current market prices. For this calculation, government debt is defined as the total consolidated gross debt at nominal value in the following categories of government liabilities, as defined in ESA 2010 ^[2]: currency and deposits, debt securities and loans. Central government, state government, local government and social security funds are included.

Figure 7: General government gross debt, EU, 2002–2020 (% of GDP)
Compound annual growth rate (CAGR): 2.0 % per year in the period 2005–2020; 1.4 % per year in the period 2015–2020.
Source: Eurostat (sdg_17_40)

Figure 8: General government gross debt, by country, 2015 and 2020 (% of GDP)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_17_40)

Share of environmental taxes in total tax revenues

Environmental taxes are defined as taxes that are based on a physical unit (or proxy of it) of something that has a proven, specific negative impact on the environment. There are four types of environmental taxes: energy taxes, transport taxes, and pollution and resource taxes.

Figure 9: Share of environmental taxes in total tax revenues, EU, 2002-2019 (%)
Compound annual growth rate (CAGR): – 0.8 % per year in the period 2004–2019; – 1.0 % per year in the period 2014–2019.
Source: Eurostat (sdg_17_50)

Figure 10: Share of environmental taxes in total tax revenues, by country, 2014 and 2019 (%)
Source: Eurostat (sdg_17_50)

Share of households with high-speed internet connection

The indicator measures the share of households with fixed very high capacity network (VHCN) connection. Very high capacity network means either an electronic communications network that consists entirely of optical fibre elements at least up to the distribution point at the serving location, or an electronic communications network capable of delivering, under usual peak-time conditions, similar network performance in terms of available downlink and uplink bandwidth, resilience, error-related parameters, and latency and its variation. The data are collected for the Broadband coverage in Europe studies published by the European Commission.

Figure 11: Share of households with fixed very high capacity network (VHCN) connection, EU, 2013-2020 (% of households)
Compound annual growth rate (CAGR): 22.1 % per year (observed) and 10.7 % per year (required to meet target) in the period 2015–2020.
Source: Broadband coverage in Europe studies, Eurostat (sdg_17_60)

Figure 12: Share of households with fixed very high capacity network (VHCN) connection, by country, 2015 and 2020 (% of households)
Source: Broadband coverage in Europe studies, Eurostat (sdg_17_60)

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Notes

↑ The new OECD-DAC methodology to calculate the ODA value of concessional loans was applied for the first time to 2018 ODA data on official loans and loans to multilateral institutions and since 2020 data also to data on debt relief, but not to data on ODA to specific recipients, regions or groups such as Africa or LDCs. Moreover, a grant equivalent measure for the use of private sector instruments has not yet been agreed (and the cash flow method is still used). In the past (‘flow basis method’), the actual flows of cash between a donor and a recipient country were recorded and a loan was recorded at ‘face value’ as ODA but subsequent repayments by countries were then subtracted as negative ODA. The new method (‘grant equivalent method’) reports the grant equivalent of loans calculated on the basis of the donor effort; correspondingly, reflows are no longer counted. ODA and ODA/GNI figures since 2018 data (without a specified recipient group) are reported on a grant equivalent basis. ODA and ODA/GNI figures for previous years, as well as ODA and ODA/GNI figures since 2018 data with a specified recipient group such as LDCs, are reported on a flow basis. Grant equivalent figures are not comparable with data calculated on a flow basis.
↑ The European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010) is the newest internationally compatible EU accounting framework for a systematic and detailed description of an economy. The ESA 2010 was published in the Official Journal on 26 June 2013. It was implemented in September 2014; from that date onwards the data transmission from Member States to Eurostat is following ESA 2010 rules. For more information on the ESA 2010 see https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/esa-2010.

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Sustainable Development Indicators

Sustainable Development Indicators

More detailed information on EU SDG indicators for monitoring of progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as indicator relevance, definitions, methodological notes, background and potential linkages, can be found in the introduction of the publication ’Sustainable development in the European Union — Monitoring report on progress towards the SDGS in an EU context — 2021 edition’.

[1] The new OECD-DAC methodology to calculate the ODA value of concessional loans was applied for the first time to 2018 ODA data on official loans and loans to multilateral institutions and since 2020 data also to data on debt relief, but not to data on ODA to specific recipients, regions or groups such as Africa or LDCs. Moreover, a grant equivalent measure for the use of private sector instruments has not yet been agreed (and the cash flow method is still used). In the past (‘flow basis method’), the actual flows of cash between a donor and a recipient country were recorded and a loan was recorded at ‘face value’ as ODA but subsequent repayments by countries were then subtracted as negative ODA. The new method (‘grant equivalent method’) reports the grant equivalent of loans calculated on the basis of the donor effort; correspondingly, reflows are no longer counted. ODA and ODA/GNI figures since 2018 data (without a specified recipient group) are reported on a grant equivalent basis. ODA and ODA/GNI figures for previous years, as well as ODA and ODA/GNI figures since 2018 data with a specified recipient group such as LDCs, are reported on a flow basis. Grant equivalent figures are not comparable with data calculated on a flow basis.

[2] The European System of National and Regional Accounts (ESA 2010) is the newest internationally compatible EU accounting framework for a systematic and detailed description of an economy. The ESA 2010 was published in the Official Journal on 26 June 2013. It was implemented in September 2014; from that date onwards the data transmission from Member States to Eurostat is following ESA 2010 rules. For more information on the ESA 2010 see https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/esa-2010.

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